インシュアテック・スタートアップへの投資が近年急増しており、2017年単年度で$20億を超えました。こうしたスタートアップは、最先端のテクノロジーを採用して現在の保険プロセスおよび保険市場を変革・拡張させようとしています。さらに大きな市場の成長を左右する可能性がある現在の一つのトレンドは、既存の総代理店（MGA）との提携を通じて、もしくはインシュアテック・スタートアップ自身が構築した新しいMGAを通して、高度なインシュアテックによる効率をプログラム事業の市場に投入することです。過去数年間にMGAが発展させたニッチマーケットをターゲットとする保険特化型のプログラム事業は、軟化した損害保険市場における珍しいサクセスストーリーでした。運用管理会社Conning & Co.が実施した2017年の調査によると、MGAおよびこうした企業がサービスを提供するニッチ保険プログラムの成長は、標準的損害保険市場を32%上回りました。インシュアテック・プロセスの利用は、新たなMGAの成功の機会を向上させるものの、それを保証するわけではありません。スタートアップが、今や成功した確立されたMGAのスタートアップから学べることはたくさんあります。

Why an MGA?

MGAs (or alternatively program administrators) typically develop insurance programs tailored to specific business types or coverages. By focusing on a niche business type, MGAs can develop deep expertise on the risks faced by these entities and how to best address their needs. Examples of MGA business include insurance programs that serve varied risks such as arborists, personal trainers, and ski instructors, and coverages such as specialized general liability and catastrophe insurance (earthquake, flood, wildfire, etc.). MGAs are not insurance companies in that they don’t assume insurance risk (the responsibility of paying a claim if an insured event occurs). They do, however, provide underwriting and other critical services such as marketing, binding, and policy issuance. MGAs typically partner with insurers that provide their balance sheet to support the insurance risk. In various alternative configurations, fronting insurers can provide the initial insurance policy (for a fee) and then cede the business to a reinsurer which can in turn keep the risk or cede some to a captive controlled by the MGA.

Program business benefits policyholders because they receive insurance coverage specific to their needs in regards to policy coverage, terms, conditions, limits, and costs. Policyholders are buying from experts who know and understand their business. Insurance carriers benefit from program business because they gain access to large blocks of well underwritten niche business that come with low cost and barriers to entrance and exit. The MGA format is appealing to insurtech startups because it allows these startups to test the value of their competitive advantage, prove the concept works, and control their vision without the large amount of capital required to form an insurance company. They can also benefit from profit sharing agreements typically in place with MGAs or through assuming risk through a captive as discussed above.

What do insurtech firms bring to the MGA table?

Insurtech entities typically develop a competitive advantage or “secret sauce” related to the use of cheaper/faster/smarter technology, a culture of innovation, and a focus on improving the customer experience.

Advanced technology can be used to improve the efficiency or transparency of existing parts of the insurance value chain either by lowering front-end costs related to acquisition of risks or back-end costs related to claims management. Examples of improvements on the front end include streamlining the acquisition process by using chatbots to answer questions and third-party data sources to complete underwriting and rating forms. On the back end, examples include the use of artificial intelligence-based claimbots and digital photos to speed the claims resolution process. Underwriting expenses (representing nearly 30% of property and casualty insurance premiums including commissions) and loss adjustment expenses (representing approximately 10% of premiums) are prime targets for improvement in today’s soft market.

An innovative culture allows insurtech startups to bring a fresh perspective to the insurance process, resulting in new product offerings such as episodic or transactional insurance, pay-as-you-go insurance, and peer-to-peer offerings. These offerings may appeal to those with exposure to loss who are not in the current insurance market, adding to market growth. Insurtech startups are not afraid to push the boundaries of current insurance product offerings and fail fast in their efforts so that they can then move to the next iteration.

To improve the customer experience, some insurtech startups seek to make insurance easy to find, easy to understand, and easy to pay for. This is accomplished through the use of apps, simplified policy language, and connections to digital payment providers resulting in “low touch” underwriting and low hassle to the policyholder. Their focus is to compete through service and ease of transaction rather than on price.

What are the challenges for a startup MGA?

Despite the obvious appeal of creating a program or becoming an MGA for insurtech startups, there are some challenges to success. One of the primary challenges lies in convincing established insurers or reinsurers to back the program and assume the insurance risk. This is particularly challenging for a new program with no historical data and no proof of concept to rely on.

Also, many insurers maintain minimum premium targets for their programs (typically $5 to 10 million) in order to make the expense of monitoring the program worthwhile. They might be skeptical of the quality of the portfolio if aggressive business plans assume a massive scale-up of business to achieve premium targets. Alternatively, insurtech startup MGAs may be frustrated at the slow pace of a more measured scale-up. Often, there needs to be a realistic compromise.

Another challenge to creating a successful new MGA is the current soft market environment for most segments of the property and casualty insurance market. Due to the overabundance of capital and resulting competition, rates have stayed flat or declined in recent years for many lines of business, possibly to the point that current rates are below an adequate level needed to fund losses and expenses. As a result, any advantage from lower rates that startup insurtech MGAs have because of their lower underwriting or loss adjustment expenses would be diminished, making it more difficult for MGAs to charge rates that are both competitive and profitable.

A final challenge for many new MGAs is the sometimes surprising amount of administrative, compliance, and regulatory work that is necessary to operate the business successfully. If the program is intended to operate in the admitted insurance market, there are rate filings to be made, underwriting guidelines to develop, and policy forms to be created and filed–all which need to adhere to existing variations in state regulations. A lesser but still significant amount of work needs to be done even in the non-admitted market, which does not require formal state filings. New MGAs may also need to be involved with data capture for compliance exercises and potential future analytics. Typically, given the recent development of their data systems and technological expertise, the capture and maintenance of data is not a material issue for most insurtech entities.

How can insurtech startups improve their chances for MGA success?

For insurtech startups looking to become MGAs, there are a number of ways to improve a company’s chance for success. Recommendations, based on past MGA successes, include the following:

• Find a friend. The surest way for an insurtech startup to enjoy the benefits of program business is to partner with an existing MGA and add their competitive advantage to an existing program. One problem with this approach is that it may be difficult to convince an already successful MGA that changes should be made and that it should experiment with an alternative process. The existing MGA may also have a different vision on how to best expand the business and scale up when compared to the insurtech startup and its investors.
• Do the homework. To overcome a lack of historical experience, extra care and consideration should be incorporated into creating a detailed business plan for the new MGA. The business plan should include a description of the market intended to enter, a list of competitors (along with a competitive premium analysis), and a description of the proposed technological competitive advantage and its impact on projected results. A key element of the plan should be a financial model which includes reasonable, industry-based assumptions to show potential carriers what the business results might look like under various scenarios. If the expected results are reasonably justifiable, the proposed plan will gain credibility with potential carriers despite a lack of hard data.
• Add an IPI. A valuable key addition to any new MGA, particularly one primarily staffed by those with a technology focus, would be an insurance professional interface (IPI). Similar to an application programming interface (API), an IPI, such as an experienced underwriter, program manager, or actuary, would allow new tech-based MGAs to better communicate their vision to insurance industry veterans on the carrier side. The right IPI can bring instant credibility to the proposed MGA and its business plan. This will shift the focus from technology (which the insurtech team will tend to focus on) to the expected insurance business results (which is what carrier audience will focus on). An experienced IPI can help with the business plan and financial model creation. The IPI will also be an asset when navigating through changes in the market cycle which have not been experienced in recent years, such as the advent of a hard market.
• Be accommodating. While some MGAs plan to sell directly to potential policyholders, many will rely on retail agents. Insurtech startup MGAs should be sure to take some of their technological know-how and customer-centric focus and put it to work to improve the process to work with these agents. The easier and faster it is to place business through an MGA, the more business will likely be sent to that MGA.
• Keep control. It is critical that new MGAs monitor and control as much of the business as possible in case changes and adjustments need to be made. This includes tracking profitability and growth, maintaining and understanding underwriting and claims data, and performing some basic analytics. Successful MGAs know their business and their risks and keep close track of rate adequacy and claim levels.

There are several entities seeking to respond to the growth in insurtech MGAs by helping to facilitate and streamline the process to get started. These firms include Boost Insurance and incubator firms such as Vibe MGA Management (Vibe MM).

Conclusion

With investment in insurtech startups exploding and substantial room for growth in the MGA market, the time is right for companies to think about how to best take advantage of this emerging trend. The morphing of insurtech startups into MGAs can be successful if done properly. While challenges exist, the recommendations outlined above provide key considerations for businesses looking to develop program business through an MGA. In this way, insurtech startups can enjoy the benefits of the success of their vision without compromise or the burden of a large commitment of capital.